Excluding the pistols and archery, what would a good description be of the limitations for a muzzleloader. I live out West with Mule Deer and open country. Would appreciate any comments for those restrictions.
The problem was/is..., that instead of extending the season to harvest more deer in areas where deer need more culling of the wild herd..., hunters not normally interested in the outdated technology found in what we call "traditional" firearms co-opted the season once intended for the use of traditional muzzleloaders, to simply extend their hunting season. The proper solution (imho) would be to have a traditional muzzle loading season for ten days (encompassing two full weekends) prior to standard deer season the first week in November..., then extend the standard deer season from two to three weeks and start that the Friday after Thanksgiving..., then after that season, have a second traditional season for 17 days in January. (Actual calendar dates would vary depending on the state and game patterns)
But to reply to the OP as far as rules...
For Cervids:
(I think Pennsylvania does it right. I wouldn't mind it though if caplock sidelocks or underhammers were used.)
Black powder only...,
Muzzle-loading rifles or smoothbores, firing a single, spherical projectile of lead or lead alloy, or suitable substitute..., (no requirement for a patch but you do need the round ball) using black powder or suitable substitute for black powder....,
Original or reproductions of antique firearms introduced in 1845 or earlier, with a minimum caliber of .40, using non-optical sights..,
(allows the .54 caliber 1841 Mississippi rifle, but not Minnie ball firing rifles, and underhammers were introduced in 1826.)
NOW...the above ^^ will give heartburn to the makers of modern rifles designed to conform to muzzleloading regulations, but in my area you are limited in more than half of the state to shotguns or "muzzleloaders", and the fellows with those same non-traditional muzzleloaders use telescopic sights, so they would still be using them with an advantage in some cases to the use of rifled shotguns.
As for the other regulations folks have suggested.... Where I live there is a very long archery season, and nothing impacts the use of bows of the "primitive" type vs. a compound bow..., the modern bows don't make the same impact as modern guns do when paired with traditional muzzleloaders (imho)
"Long Bow" wording excludes things like Native American bows, recurve bows, and Asian "reflex" type recurve bows... not to mention crossbows.
So I think excluding any type of "bow" doesn't make it any more "primitive" nor do I think bows even need a "primitive" season or to be included in such a season. Bows may start harvesting deer 6 weeks before my State's "early" muzzleloader season..
LD