Hornet/wasp nest are used as a "filler" or as an Over Powder wad, to act as a firewall between the powder and a PRB, in both smooth bore, and rifled guns. You can break off a piece and shove it down the barrel, with your ramrod, OR, like a pipe smoker, you can break off some of the nest, then rub it between your palms to break the fibers up into shreds, so that they can be dropped down the bore, and then packed down with the ramrod, before loading the PRB.
Poor people made due with whatever nature gave them. Old paper catalogs, when they weren't being used in the outhouse, might find a page or two taken to use as "stuffing" in a shotgun or MLer rifle. Dried or green leaves, grasses, tree barks, etc. have all be used by long hunters when they ran out of materials they brought with them from civilization.
I found that crushing or "shredding" hornet nests, to create short, long pieces of the nest seems to pack the most consistently, when compared to shoving a "chunk" of nest material down the barrel.
Your experiences may vary, of course. :thumbsup:
If you know a pipe smoker, ask him to let you watch how he packs his pipe. The same "method" works when loading shredded hornet's nest material down your barrel. Then, just like with a pipe, tamp it down tight.
In pipe smoking, the tobacco is dropped down into the bowl of the pipe, loosely, until the pipe seems full. Then that is tamped down Hard.
You end up with only the bottom 1/3 of the bowl actually full of tobacco. You repeat the process, filling the bowl with loose tobacco, and then tamp down this SECOND filling with only MODERATE FORCE. This fills the bowl 1/2-2/3 full.
You repeat the process, filling the remainder of the pipe with a third offering, and then tamp that tobacco down LIGHTLY.
Now, when the pipe is lit, outdoors( where you get enough oxygen for most pipes to stay lit. Indoors, there simply is not enough oxygen in the air to do this, unless you have lots of windows open and fans going.) the tobacco will continue to burn slowly, without going out, until all the tobacco is finally burned, whether you inhale the smoke or not.
When you see a pipe smoker constantly relighting his tobacco, or digging around in the bowl with a pick or knife to loosen up the packed tobacco, He hasn't packed his tobacco correctly. BTDT. OUCH! :surrender: :hmm: To get a consistent "firewall" using either hornet, or wasp nest material, consider loading it in layers, just like a pipe is loaded with tobacco. :hmm: