Part III
OK, in this part I will write some about the shim that is soldered or glued to the tumbler.
The shim may be made from brass or steel shim stock. Shims can even be made from sacrificing and cutting a piece from the leaf blades from an inexpensive Feeler Gauge. FWIW, I found that using brass shims lasted a very long time, but they will eventually wear through somewhat faster than a steel shim. However, steel shims are trickier to bend to shape and just a bit harder to solder. Most of the shims I used over the years were brass, because if/when one wore through from a few to many seasons of serious shooting, they are easier to replace. I do know that some brass shims lasted on guns that were shot a LOT in competition and practice for many seasons and did not need replacing.
When I first began using shims, I thought the shim had to be the full width of the surface of the tumbler it was soldered to. So I cut the shims a little oversize, soldered them on and then filed them down to the width of the Tumbler. Then I figured out that was not necessary, so I went to cutting the width of the shim just a bit less wide than the Tumbler Surface. That required a lot less clean up after soldering and did not affect the function of the shim.
After you get the width of the shim cut, then you have to cut it to length and shape it. The drawings show the length of the shim should cover the entire curved surface of the Tumbler. That is not absolutely necessary, but it should cover at least half or more of the length of the curved portion of the Tumbler and then filed smooth down to the surface of the Tumbler on the side furthest away from the notch. So if you cut the length a little short, the shim can still be used. I usually cut the width of the shim and then bend it to match the curvature of the Tumbler as close as possible and then cut the shim to length.
As to how thick the shim has to be, that is going to vary by how deep the Full Cock Notch is cut on your Tumbler, so there is no such thing as offering just one thickness size shim that will fit even all the Tumblers on one make/model of gun. I found that .015”, .018” and .020” thick shim stock worked very well for the different Tumblers on large Military Locks and pick the thickness needed for the individual Tumbler. However, if I were to recommend one size that worked OK for most Bess Locks, it would be .015” thickness. It might not reduce the trigger pull down to a competition level trigger pull on all or most Tumblers, but it will still greatly reduce the trigger pull weight. (NOTE: I thought about trying to describe what thickness of shim to use by how much of the Sear Face still went up into the Full Cock notch, but that won’t work because there is a lot of difference in the height of the Sear Face even in the same make and model of Tumblers.) Now IF the trigger pull is reduced TOO much by adding a shim, you can adjust it by filing the shim down a little thinner after it is soldered/glued to the Tumbler. This will make the Trigger Pull a little heavier because the Sear Face will then go further into the Full Cock Notch. I don’t think for the most part that you will have to file a .015” thick shim down, though, so that is why I suggest that size to start with.
Oh, when you Solder the shim on, it is pretty common some Solder will squoosh out and stick to the surface of the Notch that the Sear Face bears against. I don’t recommend trying to file solder off the Notch surface, but instead use a sharp knife or chisel to carefully cut/shave it off. When the Tumbler is viewed from the position in the Lock Plate and starting from the bottom of the Notch Face, the Notch Face should be clean right up to the shim. If Solder gets in there between the Notch Surface and below the shim and you don’t clean it out, it will reduce the trigger pull a bit and make the feel of the beginning of the Trigger Pull sort of weird.
Personally, I think soldering or possibly gluing on a shim to the Tumbler is the easiest way for most Novices to reduce the Trigger Pull Weight on Bess Locks.
Just for the record, “Option 2C) Add a set screw or pin to the tumbler as shown in Figure 6.” of the link above and “Option 2D) Heliarc weld (though TIG Weld might/probably be better) a bump of steel on the tumbler to limit engagement of the sear in the notch as shown in Figure 7.,” are both very viable ways to reduce the Trigger Pull Weight. They do work VERY well, but unless you have a really good drill press or better still an End Mill or a TIG Welding Machine, these options are usually outside what most Novices can do at home. They also involve a higher level of careful filing of the screw/pin/lump of metal and testing, so I don’t recommend most people do that on their first Tumbler/s.
Oh, since you mentioned India Stones earlier, I wanted to address that a bit. India Stones, even in Fine Grade, used to be called “Stone Files” by machinists, because even though they did not remove as much metal as a fine file, they still cut the metal. (Yeah, I know this dates me a good bit. Grin.) So when you use India Stones, be careful how much you use them as you can cut through Surface Hardness with them. Don’t get me wrong, we all use India Stones to finely smooth and shape surfaces, but just don’t get too aggressive with them on hardened Lock Parts or you may have to harden and temper the parts after you use those stones. If you want to POLISH metal surfaces with little risk of cutting through the Surface Hardness, then use White Hard Arkansas Stones and/or 600 Grit “Crocus” Emory Cloth. I normally smooth/polish the surface of the Full Cock Notch and Sear Face with such a Hard Arkansas Stone to smooth the “feel” of the trigger pull, but NOT India Stones.
Next I want to suggest something no one ever taught me, but I’m sure I’m FAR from the only person who ever came up with this technique independently. This technique is used to test to see whether the Sear Face will get bashed into the Half Cock Notch, but BEFORE you reassemble the Lock and damage the Half Cock Notch or Sear Face.
Big Military Locks usually never had a Fly in the Tumbler to protect the Sear from bashing into the Half Cock Notch as the Tumbler rotates, so we have to be extra careful when doing Trigger Pull Work on these Locks. Soldiers actually had to JERK the triggers to get “those crisp volleys where all shots sound like one gun going off,” that original period Officers and many reenactors love so much. (Period Officers absolutely hated “ragged sounding volleys,” because it sounded so “UN Soldierly.”) Now the GOOD thing about Jerking a Trigger was/is it keeps the sear face well away from the Half Cock Notch as the Tumbler and Cock/Hammer go forward, so the Notch or Sear Face are not damaged. The BAD thing about Jerking a Trigger is it makes accurate shooting very difficult. So it is extremely necessary we do as much as we can to ensure the Sear Face won’t bash into the Half Cock Notch even the first time we reassemble the Lock. (We MAY have to do a little more work on the Half Cock Notch after the Lock is assembled into the gun, though, but not nearly as much by doing some preparatory work now.)
First assemble the Sear to the Lock with JUST the Sear Screw screwed into the Lock Plate to hole the Sear. Then the Lock Plate must be supported so you can put the Tumbler in place on the Lock Plate hole and rest against the plate while “Test Rotating” the Tumbler. Support can come from the padded top of a vice, or by a couple of boards on each side of the Tumbler hole or you can bore a hole into a scrap piece of 2 X 4 board, so the Tumbler Shaft goes down into the hole when you lay the Lock plate on the board. Now get out a Magnifier, Jeweler’s Eye Loupe, or Opti Visor unless your eyeballs are as good as a Hawk or Eagle. Align the Sear so it fits up as far as it will go in the Full Cock Notch. Lightly hold the Tumbler with your left hand and the Tail of the Sear in your right hand. Now, just push up on the Tail of the Sear until the Sear Face BARELY clears the Full Cock Notch and then firmly hold the Sear in that position. Now with your left hand, gently rotate the Tumbler forward as it works in the lock. What you need the magnification for is to see if the Sear Face even barely TOUCHES the Half Cock Notch as the Tumbler rotates past the Sear. If it even barely touches, the Sear Face IS going to bash into the Half Cock Notch in operation IF the shooter does not keep rearward pressure on the trigger the whole time the Cock/Hammer goes forward - in what is commonly called “Good Follow Through.” What I do is file down/shape the outer edge of the Half Cock Notch until it does NOT even barely touch the Sear Face as the Tumbler passes by, while holding the Sear in the position the Sear Face JUST clears the Full Cock Notch. IOW, you are filing some of the outer “Knife Edge” of the Half Cock Notch away, but not a whole lot, and it will still work correctly as a Half Cock Safety feature. This really helps to ensure the Sear Face won’t get bashed into the Half Cock Notch during operation. Now, I KNOW this is not necessary IF the Shooter ALWAYS uses good follow through and trigger control, because the shooter will hold the trigger back and thus the Sear Face out of the way of the Half Cock Notch as it goes by. But my years of experience with even some of the Best Shooters in National and International Muzzle Loading Competition is that even they sometimes make mistakes and release the trigger pull too early at times. After doing everything necessary to make a really good competition trigger pull, I don’t want it ruined by a simple mistake we all can make.
OK, more to come in Part IV, but this is all I have time for now.
Gus