I guess we'll never know for certain if or when the old boys used short starters in their loading, but here's an interesting, fairly early reference I found. It's from 1808, in a book by Capt. Henry Beaufroy, Scloppetaria. It's not about American longrifles because he's British, writing about the use of rifles in their military, but it's the only mention I've found of them, so maybe there is some interest.
And this is the drawing of the rammer:
He explains that they sometimes load with patch and sometimes with an oversize bare ball, but whichever, says it's vital that the lands and grooves be engraved on the equator of the ball, so starting the ball requires moving some lead. The need for a mallet or rammer would seem obvious in their situation.
Spence
As it always happens, that the greatest difficulty in loading, is in first forcing the ball into the barrel, most riflemen carry either a small mallet, or what is called a rammer, either of wood or brass, a little countersunk at the end so as to obviate the possibility of injuring the front sight, by its slipping off the convex sphere of the ball.
And this is the drawing of the rammer:
He explains that they sometimes load with patch and sometimes with an oversize bare ball, but whichever, says it's vital that the lands and grooves be engraved on the equator of the ball, so starting the ball requires moving some lead. The need for a mallet or rammer would seem obvious in their situation.
Spence