campsite:
Swabbing basically means shoving a piece of cloth or similar material down the bore and then pulling it back out.
The reasons for doing this varies with the gun being discussed.
A cannon is swabbed with a very wet swab to not only soften and remove the fouling but to put out any small burning embers left in the barrel from the last shot.
The majority of these smoldering bits left in the barrel are remnants of the cloth powder bags which are used to contain the powder charges.
In my opinion, swabbing a rifle or smoothbore is done to soften and remove the fouling deposited by the previous shots to make loading the next shot(s) easier.
As rifles and smoothbores are not usually loaded with powder which is contained in a cloth (or paper) bag, the loose powder usually leaves no burning embers in the barrel after firing so many people feel that swabbing to eliminate them is not required. Of course, if the powder is loaded in a cloth or paper pouch the possibility of these burning embers is very good so swabbing with a rather wet patch would be recommended.
Generally speaking a rifle or smoothbore shooter swabs simply to remove the fouling to make loading the next shot easier.
As I don't use cloth or paper powder pouches and I load with loose powder the fear of burning embers is not great however when loading the next load of powder I always transfer the powder from the flask to a small powder measure and make sure the flask is closed. Only then do I pour the powder down the bore while keeping the muzzle pointed away from any part of my body "just in case" something sets off the new charge. I might add that in over 37 years of shooting muzzleloaders I have yet to have the new powder charge "fire" while loading.
Getting back to swabbing to remove fouling, I use a clean cleaning patch, dampened with water but not dripping wet. Using a bore size brass cleaning jag on my ramrod, I shove it down the barrel until it hits the breach plug.
Waiting a few seconds for the now wet fouling to soften I then pull the patched jag back out of the bore which removes a good 90 percent of the fouling. I next use a clean dry patch on the jag by shoving it again to the breech plug and then retract it to dry the bore. The gun is then ready to continue loading and shooting.
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