The Swedish warship
Mars aka.
Makalös or "Jutehatar" of Eric XIVth had 173 guns--one of the largest warships afloat at the time before it sank in 1564 off Öland. This time period, like that of the 1588 Armada battles, marks the transition from boarding as the principal means of naval warfare to bombardment of enemy vessels with guns.
Cursed Warship Revealed With Treasure Onboard
en.wikipedia.org
Douglas McElvogue,
Tudor Warship Mary Rose (Conway/Bloomsbury, 2015), goes into considerable details about the ship's armament, and the weapons used aboard before it heeled over and sank with great loss of life in a battle with the French.
Wrought iron guns, breech-loading, with three breech chambers at least per gun. Most fired stone shot, some cast iron shot, and smaller guns lead shot or pellets.
Port pieces only appear in inventory after 1535. These weighed 1,200 lbs. with a bore between 6-in. and 10-in. and a weight of shot 9 to 10-lbs. There were 12 of these by 1545.
Slings, demi-slings, and quarter slings--"Serpent" class guns, made of wrought iron with elm stocks with wheels and two or three spare breech chambers each. Mounted in the waist, fore castles, and firing a shot 5-1/4" of approx. 6-1/2lbs. weight, the gun had a high length to caliber ratio and was thought to be a longer-range gun. The demi-sling had a shot of 3-1/4lbs. 4" bore for the demi-sling, 3" for the quarter sling. stone, iron, and cannister shot.
Fowlers--wrought iron breech-loader that fired stone shot. short barrel, close-quarter, low-velocity weapons with a 6-lb. shot.
Bases--small wrought iron swivel guns on "minches" slotted into sockets and clamps on the fore and summer castles. 1/2-lb. shot with a 2-1/2-in. bore.
Top pieces--another swivel gun in the fighting tops.
Cast iron ordnance--Most cast guns were bronze/ brass, but there were some cast iron guns too.
Hailshot pieces--short, cast iron handguns with a rectangular bore firing "dice shot." This is basically the medieval handgonne fired from a rail or a pavise to repel boarders.
Handguns--These are large matchlock harquebuses, mostly purchased from merchants in Milan. Italian gun founders were encouraged to settle in Britain by Henry VIII.
Brass cannon and demi-cannon--7-inch bore firing a cast iron shot of 45-lbs. "Curtows" was an older name for these guns. Each weighed about 7,000-lbs. Elm carriages with truck wheels on the orlop deck, firing from gun ports in the hull. Primary anti-ship armament of
Mary Rose.
Culverins and demi-culverins--high length to bore diameter ratio. Culverins could be 14-ft. long, with a 5 to 5-1/2" bore and 9-lb. shot. Found throughout the ship.
Saker--A 4-in. bore firing a 3-3/4-in. shot weighing about 5-1/4-lbs. Cast iron, stone, and cannister shot.
Falcon--light cast bronze gun firing cast iron, lead, and cannister about 2-1/2-lbs. mounted on small carriages and found high up in fore castles and summer castles.
Falconets--light cast bronze piece, firing 1-1/2-lb. shot or cannister.
Longbows of yew--250 longbows in five chests, 60 gross bowstrings, 9,600 arrows in 8 chests of 50 sheaves, or 192 arrows per chest. The sheave of 24 arrows was carried by the bowman.
Polearms--Morris pikes and bills. About 100 of each type. The bill was hafted on a shaft approx. 6-ft. in length. The Morris pike was shorter than the pike used on land.
Darts-- 40 dozen total, thrown down onto the opposing deck from the fighting tops. Some of these could be carrying a flaming substance if required.
Soldiers would have had bucklers, swords, etc. and probably every man aboard had a bollock dagger.
"Habiliments of war": Great curtows, great murders, Iron stocked gun with chamber, sling, falcon, falconet, murder, serpentine, hackbus, top pieces, ball of wildfire, linstocks, fire arrows, long bows,
Cannon, culverins, demi-culverins, bastard cannon, cannon royal, port piece, sling, demi-sling, quarter-sling, brass culverin, cast demi-cannon, cannon, cannon royal, demi-cannon, culverins, demi-culverins, minion, falcon,
Iron ordnance--port piece, demi-sling, sling, etc...
stone shot, iron shot, bar shot, star shot, lead shot/ pellets, canister shot of three types, dice shot. If you can read the old English and the crazy Roman numerals, there is an inventory.
Some of the other shipwrecks might shed light on the OP question. For example, the Mansfield channel shipwrecks, Spanish caravels that wrecked in 1554 and were excavated. Many of the finds are in Corpus Christi.
