I came upon this interesting piece reading through the archives of the "lrml" yahoo mailing list ("for those interested in the history of and shooting small-bore muzzle loading target rifles.")
The patent breech goes back to 1787 when Henry Nock patented his design
although the concept was described as early as 1727 by John George
Leutmann, a Bavarian then working in St.Petersburg. In his own words: